Abstract:
The prophetic conduct was the first core for what is called Islamic History that historians have paid great attention for either being Muslims historians or others , that interest has varied according to the various interests of the historians themselves , some have interested in writing of the events occurrence , many of historians followed this method until the modern age , this type although it is important one , but it stills giving no clear and obvious picture for the reality of events due to the many defamations in the historical writing , other historians wholly interested in the studying of biographies of men whom had a role in the Islamic Nation whether in the intellectual and scientific establishment or in the political aspect , then those who studied the cities , their planning and other interests that is difficult to mention in here have come after that , the frame of Islamic history has been built in such a way along the ages , but the prophetic conduct stayed in the first place of interest , studying and accurate following up for all its details , since it identifies the Muslim with his prophet whom God ordered Muslims to imitate , God has said (You have indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern (of conduct) for any one whose hope is in Allah and the final day , and who engages much in the praise of Allah . Quran was the theoretical aspect of the Islamic instruction; while the conduct of the most generous Messenger (God prayers and peace be upon him and his households) is the practical application for , the history of the prophet of God has passed many stages of writing till books regarding his conduct have appeared , the beginning of writing was in Al-Madina A-Munawara which is something normal since it was the center of Islamic call and a home for the prophet and the followers who lived in his time , so writing had the hajuzian structure of the novel which is the care of the Hadith and integrating the conduct of the prophet with it making it an indivisible part at the beginning , the first who started writing of the followers on the mentioned above method is Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib ( pbuh ) , Abdullah Bin Abbass , Orwa Ibn Al-Zubair , Aban Bin Othman Bin Affan , then Al-Zuhari came who is considered the first who put the private frame of the prophetic conduct and he went toward the writing of the wars of the prophet so that the writing had the historic nature getting relatively away from the Hadith , then Shurahbeel Bin Saad and Mussa Bin Aqaba have appeared till the first book in the prophetic conduct has appeared by Ibn Ishaq , but unfortunately from the beginning of Islam till now , Muslims have afflicted with those who want to terminate their religion and to suspect it , since those opponents could n’t stand against Quran , they moved toward the justice of Quran which is the prophet , so the worked on deforming his conduct and entering of defamations in , in fact , the space was fertile for the authors , proper circumstances have been prepared for them imposed by the political and intellectual environment of the Islamic Nation , specially after the Ammawaian caliphs burned many books that reserved the life of the prophet for example burning the book of Ayan Bin Othman and the destruction of the books of Jaber Al-Juafi who had a huge scientific fortune taken by Imam Mohammed Al-Jawad Bin Ali Al-Rudha( pbuh), Muslim has mentioned in the beginning of his Sahih that Jaber has said that(( I have seventy thousand hadiths by Abi Jaafar all of them is for the prophet ( pbuh ))) .
And other examples which there is no enough space to mention , So , many true news concerning the blessed life of the prophet have been lost , after all these events that Islamic nation passed which badly affected the correctness of its history , the historians had to reconsider all written and to start first by the history of the prophet of Islam ( pbuh ) since it is clear picture for the instructions of heaven and to look at all written away from inclination , alignment and blind fanaticism which is un slightable and neglectable duty as for our responsibility as Muslims in front of God and his Messenger , We urge as researchers to serve our heritage for reviving and spreading it .
The first book as we know which concerned defamation by news is the book of False for Abi Abdullah Al-Hussein Bin Ibrahim Bin Hussein Al-Juzaqi ( died in 543 a.h. / 1148 a.c. ) Al-Thahabi said describing it : (( It contains defamed and false speeches I have reviewed and got benefit of it with illusions in , it has clarified the false speeches by the opposing of true speeches to them )) , He also had the book of Defamation and two messages for Radhi Al-dine Abi Al-Fadhael Al-Hussan Bin Mohammed Bin Al-Hussan Al-Emri Al-Seghani he was also called Al-Saghani( died in 560 a.h. / 1164 a.c. ) , in which he gathered the defamed speeches , then Ibn Al-Juzzi ( died in 579 a.h. / 1183 a.c. ) , he showed by his book Defamation the novels that he thought there were defamed , he collected between the novels of beliefs , jurisprudence , prophetic biography and the virtues of followers , in fact , his study lost defamation since he is letting the correct news down and removing the down news , in spite of the negative views that any book is not empty of , it was an important transfer in the field of historic studies , he has presented an important show about defamation , its causes and categories of defamers , then Al-Mosuli ( died in 623 a.h. / 1226 a.c. ) Dhia Al-dine Omar Bin Bin Bader his book The true belief in the correct defamation , Ibn Dahiyah ( died in 633 a.h. / 1235 a.c. ) Abou Al-Khatab Omar Bin Hussan his book was titled The Performance of what is obligated of the clearance of what defamers defamed in Rajab , he has collected the defamed speeches in it regarding the favor of Rajab and the likable worships in , Al-Muheb Al-Tabari Abo Al-Abbass Ahmed Bin Abdullah Mohammed Al-Makki Al-Shafeey ( died in 294 a.h. / 694 a.c. ) had The book of Defamations of the indicated speeches , Al-Thahabi came after them in his book The arrangement of Defamations and the Book of Defamations , Al-Thahabi treated in the defamations in the favor of followers it is merely a manuscript it has been investigated about by Dr. Ayad Al-Khafaji in unpublished research , then Al-Hafedh Jalal Al-dine Al-Siyouti ( died in 911 a.h. / 1505 a.c. ) his book named Made Pearls in the defamed speeches and the book of tracking on Bin Al-Jawzi named Amazing Jokes on the defamation , Abi Al-Hussan Ali Bin Bin Mohammed Bin Araq Al-Kinnani ( died in 963 a.h. / 1555 a.c. ) had a book in which he collected defamations of Bin Al-Jawzi and Al-Siyouti , he arranged them onto their arrangement and presented it to the sultan Sulaiman Khan and called it Exaltation of the Elevated Sharia about the defamed offensive news , Al-Fatni ( died in 986 a.h. / 1577 a.c. ) Abo Al-Fadhl Mohammed Bin Taher Al-Maqdasi has wrote a book called Memento of Defamation , the book of Memento of Defamation and another summarized message about defamation named Made in the knowing of defamed speech both were for Abi Al-Hussan Ali Bin Mohammed Sultan Al-Harrawi the resident in Makka whom known as Al-Qari Al-Hanafi ( died in 1014 a.h. / 1605 a.c. ) , and Al-Qawchi Abo Al-Mahasen Mohammed Bin Khalil ( died in 1035 a.h. / 1625 a.c. ) his book of Inlaid Pearls about what is said with no origin or with its defamed origin , then the book of The Divine Discovery about the very weak , defamed and the Slight for Mohammed Bin Mohammed Al – Husseini Al – Tarablisi Al – Sandrosi Al – Hanafi ( died in 1177 a.h. / 1763 a.c. ) in which he collected the very weak , slight and defamed speeches , he also arranged speeches according to the alphabets of the lexicon putting in each letter three chapters , putting a chapter for each of the three types , The book of The Made Pearls in the defamed Speeches for Al-Safarini , Abo Al-Aoun Mohammed Bin Ahmed ( died in 1188 a.h. / 1774 a.c. ) and the book of The gathered benefits in the defamed speeches for Al-Qadhi Abi Abdullah Mohammed Bin Ali Al-Shokani ( died in 1255 a.h. / 1839 a.c. ) also the book of The Elevated Imprints in the Defamed News for Abdulhai Al-Laknawi ( died in 1304 a.h. / 1886 a.c. ) The warning of Muslims from the defamed Speeches on the Lord of Messengers for Abi Abdullah Mohammed Maaroof Al-Basheer Dhafer Al-Maliki Al- Azhari ( died in 1325 a.h. / 1907 a.c. ) , after that Hashem Maaroof Al-Hasani wrote his book under the title of Defamations in tracks and news and the book of The Defamations in the books of the four Conventions for Mohammed Naser Al-Albani in which he extracted only four defamed speeches , finally , this study into our hands named Defamation in the news of Prophetic conduct in the six sihahs Comparative historical study .
Before We describe our working method in this research paper , We have to mention the reasons that made us getting involved into the subject of defamations and to go in its rough way , one of the first reasons that pushed us to select the title of our Research is to remove what the prophetic biography has gotten because of the lies of defamers and Authority historians , which is the least could be presented to his honorable personality in addition to that defending the prophet ( pbuh) is an obligated duty on each Muslim each from his position and ability , this is in a hand , the prophetic biography is considered as a heritage and civilized heritage gives to our civilization our Islamic Identity in another hand , So that that reviving of this heritage and to remove this forgery out of the prophet is an obligated deed , in addition to the purifying of the most important speech books for Muslims from the insider on the prophetic biography , rarity and nonexistence of the books regarding defamations among the Universities research papers that studied the prophetic biography according to our knowledge have put the obligation of taking that mission over in which We hope success by God .
Our method of work is only extracting of the news concerning the biography of the prophet ( pbuh ) without mentioning the juristic rules of the prophet ( pbuh ) as they are out of our historical specialization , the essence of our criticism for that news depends on the study of the text and meaning of the speech , there might be someone asking about the discipline you have depended upon to distinguish between the subject from other ,We say it is the weakness of the text and the opposition of the meaning to the Quran text in addition to its getting away from mind and reason and its violation to the Morals of the prophet ( pbuh) then the opposition of Households ( pbut ) on some of them , We have devided our study into Introduction , Conclusion and four chapters , the first one interested in the age of the owners of the six sihahs , their biographies and the features of their methodologies in their sihahs , in the second chapter , We have talked in about the situation and its reasons , by the third chapter was specialized for the defamed news in the biography of the prophet ( pbuh) , In the last chapter , We have studied the defamations in the dealing of the prophet ( pbuh ) with the followers .
