Abstract

Study of European history is considered as one of the most important studies since it reflects the history of people greatly influenced human history, since Europe has proceeded the whole world in the modern age in many aspects, especially political, economic and social , England was considered as one of the most important countries of Europe in that aspect since it was the first in rapid development that the world has witnessed in general and it is in particular especially in parliamentary aspect and development of parliamentary institution and its reflection on the political life, besides the big industrial revolution which gave benefit to the whole world, the period which been mentioned by this study is considered as an important period that England witnesses, it was at the start of its political, economic and industrial strength, besides its interest in parliamentary system and its outcome represented in the conflict between throne and parliament which led to the start and merge of political parties that became an important characteristic of political and party life in England and the later on outcome of the two parties alternation to the throne phenomenon, whig party was one of these parties that alternated to the throne and what a big role it practiced in political and English life, then it has changed into freemen party in 1832 after the biggest parliamentary colonization that happened in that year which was the end of study period, whig part actively participated in political and English life, on both interior or exterior level, here the importance of subject has come which been selected according to those particulars besides the rarity of academic studies which dealt with the role of political parties and the scope of political reality in countries where political parties have been shown, besides the rarity of studies related at this period of the history of England in particular and Europe in general.

Dealing with such studies wasn’t an easy, due to the period been dealt by this study in particular, furthermore, studying of political parties especially at the beginning of their merging and creation is making unclear image and same ambiguity in many periods in general, and due to rare and few Arabic references and translated into Arabic dealt with study topic, but even foreign references were considered few and unavailable at our offices, that’s why we depended upon existing references abroad through purchasing or obtaining them by electronic libraries via internet, that’s how study subject has been covered by obtaining of necessary references from many references added to what has been mentioned above.

The study has been divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion included the most important conclusions which had been reached, besides study appendixes which referred to some incidents and important periods of time which The study has been divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion included the most important conclusions which had been reached, besides study appendixes which referred to some incidents and important periods of time which The study has been divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion included the most important conclusions which had been reached, besides study appendixes which referred to some incidents and important periods of time which been mentioned into this study, a list of references and an abstract into English, the first chapter has dealt with the general frame of party and the nature of party system in England, the research has been divided into three themes, the first theme included the lingual, idiom and terminological meaning of political party, the second theme has dealt with the nature of rule system in England and the most important democratic legislations, the third theme has been dedicated to the merging of political parties in England.

The second chapter was under the title of the merging, stages of creation of party and its political program, it included four themes, the first theme included the origin of whig party nomination and its first merging, the second theme has dealt with the conflict of throne with parliament and its influence in merging of whig party, whereas, the stages of party development had been mentioned in the third theme, while the program of political party has come in the fourth theme.

Third chapter has been specialized with the internal policy of whig party, it included four themes, the first theme has dealt with the status of whig party of throne and church, whereas, second theme has included the role of whig party in forming of successive governments, the third theme has shed the light on the role of whig party in parliament and deciding of some important rules, fourth theme has dealt with the status of whig party of naval fleet and industrial revolution.

Finally, the fourth chapter was the last one of thesis which dealt with the external policy of whig party, it included two themes, the first theme focused on the policy of whig party of European external issues during the period of research, the second theme has dealt with the status of whig party of British colonies in general.

Conclusion has included the most important conclusions and views which been reached after showing of the chapters and themes of thesis.