Abstract

     Libya is a country of strategic importance at the Arab, regional and international levels. A long-standing name has a lot of controversy about its origins. Historically, Libya has been named the North African region between Egypt and Tunisia. Libya has been governed by many regimes. It has been ruled by the Berbers, Greeks, Phoenicians, Byzantines, the Islamic conquest, the rule of the Aghlabids, the Zairis and the Fatimids, and then under occupation (Italian and Spanish).

Until the advent of the Ottoman Empire, which ruled Libya about 400 years until the Italian invasion, where the Kingdom of Italy invaded Libya under the pretext of liberating it from the Ottoman rule in 1911 until the Ottoman Empire handed over Libya to Italy in 1912 under the Treaty of Lausanne. In 1934, Italy merged with Tripoli and Tripoli To the territory of Libya under the name of the colony of Libya, and then control of the British administration on the provinces of tenderness and Tripoli in 1943 until 1951 and Fezan suffered France 1947.

The United Kingdom of Libya, a federation of three states (Tripoli, Barqa and Fezzan) and continued until the abolition of the federal system and changed its name to the United Kingdom has been ruled since the establishment of the Kingdom of Libya a number of kings and rulers, for example (Mohammed bin Ali Senoussi founder of the royal family Senussia, Mahdi al-Sanusi, 1859-1902, Ahmed al-Sharif bin Mohammed al-Sanussi, Muhammad Idris al-Sanusi, founder of the Libyan kingdom, the first ruler of Libya after independence from Italy, and the Allied forces from December 24, 1951 to 1969 – Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Sanusi 1859-1902) Up to President Muammar Gaddafi’s owner The 1969 revolution in Libya or later known as the “September Revolution” to undermine the Libyan Kingdom and announce the establishment of the Libyan Arab Republic, led by the first lieutenant Muammar Gaddafi, who formed the so-called (Free Patriotic Officers Movement).

The reign of President Muammar Gaddafi is longer than that of the Arab rulers who ruled Arab states. His reign lasted 42 years. He was politically and revolutionary and became the leader of the Revolutionary Command Council of the Libyan Arab Republic in 1969-1977. He became the leader of the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1977 – During this period, Libya’s foreign and domestic policy was shaped by its foreign policy with important events such as the Lockerbie case, which affected the political, social and economic aspects of Libya and which were raised against Gaddafi, primarily the closure of US and British military bases in Libya The Libyan-Egyptian war, the human rights and the Palestinian cause, and therefore the United States bombed Libya 1981-1986). As for Gaddafi’s internal policy, he adopted economic and social reforms based on the socialist system, thwarted the coup plan against him, Alcohol and non-Gregorian calendar and the expulsion of the remaining Italian settlers from Libya, stressing that his internal policy represented a battle between Arab nationalism and Western imperialism and the expulsion of the Jewish community from Libya and established revolutionary committees as channels to raise political awareness – The Arab Islamic State – Based on the Global Theory and the Green Book – Establishing the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and introducing some reforms to the Libyan Constitution.

The study is based on the following address: (Muammar Gaddafi and his role in Libya’s internal policy 1979-1991) for the importance of this subject to reveal the interior of Gaddafi, which was adopted by the President during the period from 1979 to 1991 with an attempt to reveal the pros and cons of that period and its impact on Libya internally and at all levels And political, economic, social and cultural fields, while highlighting the role of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi in guiding and shaping this policy and putting it into practice and taking into account some external events that had clear effects on Libya’s internal politics during the period of Muammar Gaddafi for the period 1979-1991.

The first letter (Muammar al-Qadhafi and his role in Libya’s internal politics for the period 1969-1979) was divided into two sections, the first being: the stages of the founding of Muammar Gaddafi And his personal life, family and scientific as well as his military life and the conditions of Libya before the revolution of the conquerors and platforms of the revolution and attempts to carry out as well as the revolution and its causes and facts and the capture of Muammar Gaddafi power and the declaration of the republic and the subsequent decisions to form a government and its bodies and councils Evacuated foreign companies and the construction of the Libyan army and the liberalization of the economy and the nationalization of the banks, while the second topic addressed to Muammar Gaddafi’s domestic politics (1969 – 1979) and coup attempts against him and assassinate him and the most important economic, social and cultural reforms.

In the second section, the internal policy of Gaddafi (1979-1981) included three topics dealing with the first topic: the political aspect of Muammar Gaddafi and the Third World Theory and the Green Book. The second topic dealt with the declaration of the people’s authority in 1977 and its organizational form. And the General People’s Congress and the mechanism of the work of those bodies. The third topic dealt with the Revolutionary Committees formed by Gaddafi in 1979 and its role and the revolutionary newspapers and the formation of revolutionary courts and women’s revolutionary committees and the economic and social situation.

The first chapter deals with the political reforms of Muammar Gaddafi (1981-1988) and included two topics. The first dealt with Qadhafi’s internal politics at the political and economic levels. He discussed the establishment of the People’s Courts and issued the Green Document in 1988. In addition to the internal and external opposition and attempts to assassinate Gaddafi, Gaddafi in the eighties and the impact of some events on domestic politics and also focused on Gaddafi’s economic policy and the decline of oil revenues and international trade in addition to developments in the field of agriculture and industry and financial and monetary policy and Htm the second section Badr Study the internal politics of Gaddafi on the social and cultural level, which included plans and educational programs and developments in the health situation and activating the role of women and social legislation, as well as press and cultural work plan.

The second chapter dealt with the political, economic and social developments in Libya (1988-1991) and included three topics. The first topic dealt with the impact of the Lockerbie case on Libya and its motives. The second dealt with the results of the Lockerbie case on the internal situation in Libya. And its impact on the economic and social conditions. The study relied on the historical approach and descriptive analytical approach in the introduction of scientific and historical material.