abstract

       The current study tackled’ The Intellectual activation of Kerbala scholars’ when it witnessed a scientific prosperity due to its scholars’ efforts, its characterization of the geographical location. Presence of the holy shrines in it made it a destination for the scientists, scholars, and the students from all over the Islamic world.

      The first chapter tackled its first names that were mentioned in many Arabic and other sources, its most prominent scholars who had great impact in establishing schools and libraries through their intellectual achievements and the impact of the scientific movement by the political reality that had been affected by relapses in the beginning of the nineteenth century as a completion to the Wehabi attacks. Beside, the attack of the ruler Mohammed Najeeb Pasha to the city, left great influence. Nevertheless, we have to realize that Kerbala enjoyed with high scientific position that made it return it activation frequently.

      The second chapter discussed establishment of Osouli school which made crucial turn on the level of legal judgment induction. With arrival of Ze’em Al Din Mohammed Al Bahbehani, Kerbala became a base for intellectual Osouli revolution. The city society directed towards this journey; thus, an intellectual conflict occurred between them and the Ikhbari school which were under the leadership of sheikh Yousif Al Behrani. Each one of them wanted to change or move the other side’s fixed principles with keeping the strongest.

      Hence, a gap was made in the single doctrine, a conflict between them the conservatives and the annotative (the conservative front line) occurred in the waiting theory. So, one can notice that the controversy was within the legal judgment circle that did not extend to anything belongs to faiths and religion principles.

      The third chapter mentioned Kerbala scholars who left big traces in documentation and the historical narrative in order to stop at their most intellectual defects that were considered a rich scientific revolution that got benefit from where we relied on the narrator’s functions that can be descriptive. This means that he presents scenes of events, places, and people which can be original in the level of his narratives in Arabic culture and history after their exposure to the continuous criticism.

      However, they have great and important role in conveying narrated speeches and narrative. The historian also had a great role in documenting and analyzing these narrative events in accord with the historical methodology as well as their objectivity, notes, and criticism by investigating these narratives and stating the truth extent