Abstract

   The tribe was one of the most powerful elements in the Yemeni cause. It had power and authority that exceeded the authority of the central government. Saudi Arabia exploited this matter and turned its attention to them because of the importance and location of Yemen to them and several regional and international countries intervened in Yemen after the fall of the monarchy.

   The people who took the leadership of Yemen، since the reign of the Imam and until the fall of the last leaders، were soldiers and not civilians، which had the result that they were in a clash and a permanent conflict with the authority of the tribe.

   The government was composed of the Presidential Council (the Revolutionary Command Council)، the ministers and the Advisory Council. The Advisory Council speaker was the elder Abdullah Bin Hussein Al-Ahmar and this had always made the government and the council in a permanent conflict. The conflict was between the government، the tribes and the elders. The elder Al-Ahmar was always the one who represented the conflict.

   In 1973، the Yemeni authority entered a dark path due to internal political disputes and conflicts. Abdul Rahman Al-Iryani decided to resign and agreed with the Advisory Council chairman that he would also resign. Yemen then entered a new phase، the stage of President Ibrahim Al-Hamdi. During this period، the power of the tribe was withheld and its influence removed from the army، which made the elders in enmity to Ibrahim Al-Hamdi. He was seeking to establish a civil state rather than a tribal state.

  When Ibrahim Al-Hamdi became the president، he took care of the army and the military rank and turned down the power influence of the tribes. The issue of unity with the South was of great interest in order to declare unity between them، but because of this policy was assassinated in a treacherous and ugly way and because of this regional and international intervention، the Yemeni people have never enjoyed the results of the revolution against the monarchy.

In view of the importance of this historical period of the life of the Yemeni people from its political history، a topic was chosen for this message، which consisted initially of a prelude to Yemen’s political، social and economic history before and after the revolution.

    The first chapter examined the period from 1968-1972، before Abdul Rahman al-Eryani stepped down from power to Ibrahim al-Hamdi، and the conflict between the republicans and the monarchists until the announcement of national reconciliation and the developments that took place after the declaration of reconciliation.

    The second chapter focuses on the causes of the conflict between the political forces and the coup done by Ibrahim al-Hamdi as well as meetings of the unity committees between Sana’a and Aden and the political differences between them، the coup of Ibrahim al-Hamdi or the June 13 corrective movement and the political parties in the era of Ibrahim al-Hamdi.

The third chapter is about the political developments in 1975-1978 and what happened during that period، which is represented by some important events and the most important was Hamdi’s assumption of power and the crime of assassination in a treacherous and ugly manner and the repercussions of the internal situation. The authority overtake of Hussein al-Khashmi and his assassination and Abdul Karim al-Arashi who overtook the power for 40 days to run the government and gave it up to Ali Abdullah Saleh.